Intussusception Status-Post Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass

A 38-year-old female presented with acute onset epigastric abdominal pain and vomiting. Surgical history included gastric bypass surgery 8 years prior and cesarean delivery. The patient was in severe distress, afebrile, had significant epigastric tenderness with guarding, normal bowel sounds, and no distention or masses. Results for white blood cell count, serum chemistry panel, anion gap, urinalysis, liver function tests, lipase test, and plain radiographs were all normal; computed tomography (CT) of the abdomen/pelvis showed intussusception at the jejunojejunal anastomosis (Figure). The patient underwent resection of the affected bowel segment and had an uneventful recovery. Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) is the most common surgical treatment of morbid obesity in the United States. The frequency of small-bowel obstruction after laparoscopic RYGB is between 0.2% to 4.5% and can occur months to years after the procedure. Small-bowel obstruction in these patients is usually caused by adhesions, internal hernias, and rarely, intussusception. Intussusception must be considered because ischemia and necrosis of the affected bowel segment can occur. Clinical presentation can be acute or subacute (recurrent vague abdominal pain) and is variable (most patients do not appear ill). The most common presentation is vague abdominal pain, nausea, and vomiting. Severity of pain is usually out of proportion to physical examination. Lack of obstruction symptoms does not rule out intussusception. Findings on plain radiographs are often negative. CT of the abdomen and pelvis (oral and intravenous contrast) is the diagnostic test of choice, with an accuracy of 80%. Pathognomonic findings include a ‘‘target sign’’ (Figure). Patients with a history of gastric bypass surgery, persistent abdominal pain, and a negative CT finding still require surgical evaluation and possibly surgical exploration. Blind nasogastric tube placement can lead to perforation at the gastrojejunostomy. Treatment is surgical intervention, usually with resection of the affected bowel segment and reconstruction of a new jejunojejunostomy distally. Recurrences can occur after surgical repair.